Special and General Relativity: Foundations, Extensions, and Contemporary Applications
Abstract This article examines the conceptual and mathematical foundations of Einstein’s Special and General Relativity, highlighting their historical development, theoretical coherence, and modern applications. Special Relativity redefined notions of simultaneity and invariance, while General Relativity extended these principles to gravitation and curved spacetime. The paper integrates classical derivations with contemporary perspectives in astrophysics, quantum gravity, and cosmology, offering a comprehensive framework for ongoing research. Introduction Relativity theory revolutionized physics in the 20th century. Special Relativity (1905) established the invariance of the speed of light and the relativity of simultaneity, while General Relativity (1915) introduced a geometric interpretation of gravitation. Together, these theories form the backbone of modern physics, influencing cosmology, astrophysics, and quantum field theory. Theoretical Framework Special Relativity Postulates : ...
