In defining physical problems in physics, we need a frame of reference. Whether it is a frame of reference in problems mode or theoretical mode. A frame of reference is such a system that we sees a physical problems from. There two kind of reference we know in modern Einstenian Physics: Inertial Frame of Reference and non-Inertial Frame of Reference. But, we will leave it to that two differences now. What we would be rather seeing now is theoretical frame of reference.
Theoretically, physics are defined into two mainstreams: Classical Physics & Modern Physics. In classical physics, we studied about Newton's Laws, Conservation of Energies, and Classical Mechanics. They are designed to study the daily problems of physics concerning things that are identical to matters seen by eyes. In defining physics, there are two other theories that needed to be included though: Modern Physics with its Relativity Theory and Quantum Physics.
We will leave relativity to other discussion. In this discussion we would like to introduce more to Quantum Physics, especially the state that defined in Quantum.
Quantum holds the physical problems concerning micro matters. It studied photons, schrodinger equation, spins and nuclear energies. In quantum, we understand that atomic matters stands in strands of quarks; yet, in this discussion we would narrow it down to Protons, Electrons and Neutrons to make it easier to define. In the atomic matters, Neutrons are known to have neutral charge whilst Proton held positive charge and Electrons are negative inversely. In Bohr atomic model, we find that Protons and Neutrons are held as the Nuclei of an atom with electron orbiting the pseudo-stationary position of it. In quantum, we understand that Electrons held in orbits. These orbits are then elected into shells. To make electrons fill the shell correctly, we should understand that Quantum Physics held theories about Quantum State.
Quantum State are the tools we know to create the most exclusive station of atomic matters. In quantum, we understand that there are three kinds of state, the n state, l state, and m state which then describes parity, or the odd or evenness of a nuclei. n state is the basic state. In this state, we understand that an atom, more likely Hydrogen with one electron and proton and no neutrons, has the ground state of n = 1. n is an integer with number bigger than zero.
Next, we understand that there is l state of an atom. This state then describes the spin place of an electron which goes on the famously s,p,d,f place in high school chemistry. Yet we would understand that there are more than s,p,d,f states, it includes into f,h, and so on. l state are equated into l = n-1. So, every n state has one number lower of l state.
m state. m state are known as the parity decoder. m state is the spin state of the electrons. In one n = 2 state, it is an l = 1 state, while for the m it is m = 0, +1, -1 state. So, there are three possible place of state to the electron to have. Then if the energies are known we could measure whether the energies are degenerated or no. Degeneration means that there are couples of l state that makes one amount of the same energies.
by Chandra Indra Purnama aka Muhammad Sadhra Ali
